Balance. What is balance?

Balance, balance, balance. This is an interesting term which we use all the time, but what does it actually mean?

Balance represents three separate skills or systems that work together to assist you in maintaining stability during a motor task.

The Three Systems

1. Biomechanical System

This comprises strength and alignment. Stability requires adequate strength around the ankle, knee, hip, and trunk. Hip side muscles are particularly important for maintaining centre of gravity over your standing leg. Alignment also matters — bone orientation varies between individuals, and poor alignment requires additional strength to compensate.

2. Sensory System

Proprioception enables the body to recognise its position in space. This skill develops through focused attention to how body parts are positioned during activity. Individuals with sensory processing challenges struggle to fine-tune movement and balance activities.

3. Neurological System

The brain integrates sensory information with biomechanical capabilities to create motor plans. The cerebellum orchestrates this processing. Neurological conditions can impair motor plan creation, storage, and retrieval.

Improving Balance

The key is identifying weak links within these systems:

• Weak strength: focus on strengthening exercises
• Poor alignment: correct with footwear or technique adjustments
• Sensory deficits: apply sensory strategies
• Neurological deficits: use neuroplasticity principles

Slow down the movement to help your brain create refined pathways for motor skills.